A confederation of ten provinces and three territories, Canada has a current population of over 36 million people who live across an expansive geographic area that constitutes the second largest country in the world. Indeed, more than one-fifth of Canada's population consists of first-generation immigrants, and a similar percentage classify themselves as visible minorities. Intro Contents A Review of Social Economy Research in Canada Abstract Keywords Editor's Introduction: Social Economy or the Solidarity Economy as Part of Nonprofit Sector Economics Introduction 1 The Social Economy Concept 1.1 The Rise of the Social Economy Concept 1.2 The Quebec Tradition via Francophone Europe 1.3 Other Movement Interpretations 1.4 The Social Economy as Bridging a Mixed Economy 1.5 Social Objectives: Central to the Social Economy 1.5.1 Charitable Objectives for Public Benefit 1.5.2 Meeting Member Needs through Mutual Aid/Self-Help 1.5.3 Operating with Social Objectives in the Market1.6 Visualizing the Social Economy 1.7 Introducing the Components of the Social Economy 1.7.1 Social Economy Businesses 1.7.2 Community Economic Development Organizations 1.7.3 Public Sector Nonprofit Organizations 1.7.4 Civil Society Organizations 1.8 Bringing It All Together: Why the Social Economy? 2 The Scope and Size of the Social Economy Sector 2.1 Nonprofit Organizations 2.2 Cooperatives 2.3 Social Enterprises 3 Research on Voluntaristic Behaviors Enabling the Social Economy 3.1 Giving 3.2 Formal Volunteering 3.3 Participation and Informal Volunteering4 Educational and Research Infrastructure Supporting the Social Economy in Canada 4.1 Educational Infrastructure 4.1.1 University and College Programs 4.1.2 Dissertations and Theses 4.1.3 Non-formal Education in Social Economy Organizations 4.2 Associations Supporting Research on the Social Economy Sector in Canada 4.2.1 Academic Associations 4.2.1.1 Canadian Association for Studies in Co-operation 4.2.1.2 Association for Nonprofit and Social Economy Research 4.2.2 Non-Academic, Community-Based Associations 4.2.2.1 CCEDNet: Canadian CED Network4.2.2.2 Cooperatives and Mutuals Canada (CMC) 4.2.2.3 Canadian Credit Union Association (CCUA) and the Desjardins Group 4.2.3 Nonprofit Associations 4.2.3.1 Ontario Nonprofit Network (ONN) 4.2.3.2 Imagine Canada 4.2.3.3 Volunteer Canada 4.2.3.4 Philanthropic Foundations Canada (PFC) 4.2.3.5 Community Foundations of Canada (CFC) 4.2.4 Social Enterprises 4.2.4.1 MaRS 4.2.4.2 Social Enterprise Council of Canada (SECC) 4.2.4.3 Chantier de l'économie sociale 4.2.4.4 Centre for Social Innovation 4.2.4.5 Other Social Enterprise Associations 4.3 Research Funding Bodies4.3.1 Social Economy Suite 4.3.2 Other Sources of Research Funding 5 Summary Acknowledgments Bibliography Author BiographiesĬanada is a federal parliamentary democracy, officially bilingual (English and French), and one of the most multicultural countries in the world. In this review, we look at the anglophone research on the social economy, noting that there are also French-language research institutions and educational programs focusing on the social economy however, a review of these is beyond our scope. There are also traditions specific to particular populations, such as the Black social economy (Hossein, 2013) and the Indigenous social economy (Restoule, Gruner, & Metatawabin, 2012 Sengupta, Vieta, & McMurtry, 2015 Wuttunee, 2010). It constitutes a vast range of organizations guided by social objectives including nonprofit organizations such as charities, foundations, and social enterprises and cooperatives both non-financial.0There are distinct traditions of the social economy in anglophone and francophone parts of Canada. 0In this multifaceted context, the social economy of Canada plays an important role in bridging the public and private sectors to form a strong social infrastructure (Quarter, Mook, & Armstrong, 2018).
Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy, officially bilingual (English and French), and one of the most multicultural countries in the world.
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